Glycerol

An alcohol, C3H8O3, 92.094 g/mol. Boiling point 290 °C (decomposes), melting point 18.1 °C, as published.

verified recordOrganic — alcohol7 measured properties

Identifiers

Molecular formula: C₃H₈O₃
Molecular weight: 92.094 g/mol
Exact mass: 92.047344 g/mol
IUPAC name: propane-1,2,3-triol
SMILES: OCC(O)CO
InChI: InChI=1S/C3H8O3/c4-1-3(6)2-5/h3-6H,1-2H2
InChIKey: PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Open in ReactionLens Use in reaction prediction

Measured properties

Published measurements, each with its source. Two readings of one property are both shown, in the units each used.

Boiling Point: 554 °F at 760 mmHg (decomposes) (NTP, 1992)measured · CAMEO Chemicals; 290 °C (decomposes)measured · Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Melting Point: 64 °F (NTP, 1992)measured · CAMEO Chemicals; 18.1 °Cmeasured · Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Density: 1.261 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sinkmeasured · CAMEO Chemicals; 1.2613 g/cu cm at 20 °Cmeasured · Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Solubility: greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 64 °F (NTP, 1992)measured · CAMEO Chemicals; Miscible with ethanol; slightly soluble in ethyl ether; insoluble in benzene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, carbon disulfide, petroleum ethermeasured · Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Vapor Pressure: 0.0025 mmHg at 122 °F ; 40 mmHg at 388 °F (NTP, 1992)measured · CAMEO Chemicals; 0.000168 [mmHg]measured · Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
LogP: log Kow = -1.76measured · Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB); -1.76measured · Human Metabolome Database (HMDB)
Flash Point: 320 °F (NTP, 1992)measured · CAMEO Chemicals; 177 °Cmeasured · Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases

Calculated properties

Derived from the structure, not from a sample; kept apart from the measurements above.

Molecular weight: 92.09 g/molcalculated · reference compound database; Average mass of one molecule, from reference compound database.
Exact mass: 92.047344113 Dacalculated · reference compound database; Mass of the most common isotopic form.
XLogP3: -1.8calculated · reference compound database; Estimated oil/water partition, computed by reference compound database.
Polar surface area: 60.7 Å²calculated · reference compound database; Polar surface area as computed by reference compound database.
Complexity: 25calculated · reference compound database; A rough measure of how intricate the structure is.
H-bond donors: 3calculated · reference compound database
H-bond acceptors: 3calculated · reference compound database
logP: -1.6681calculated · chemistry engine; Estimated preference for oil over water. Higher means more oil-like.
Topological polar surface area: 60.69 Å²calculated · chemistry engine; Surface area from polar atoms; relates to how easily a molecule crosses membranes.
H-bond donors: 3calculated · chemistry engine; Atoms that can donate a hydrogen bond.
H-bond acceptors: 3calculated · chemistry engine; Atoms that can accept a hydrogen bond.
Rotatable bonds: 2calculated · chemistry engine; Single bonds the molecule can freely twist around.
Molar refractivity: 20.1784 cm³/molcalculated · chemistry engine; Relates to the molecule's polarisability.
Fraction sp³ carbons: 1calculated · chemistry engine; Share of carbon atoms with tetrahedral bonding.
QED drug-likeness: 0.3815calculated · chemistry engine; Quantitative estimate of drug-likeness (0–1).

What it is made of

Elements

O Oxygen3 atoms · 52.1% by mass
C Carbon3 atoms · 39.1% by mass
H Hydrogen8 atoms · 8.8% by mass

Percentages are of the molecular weight above, worked out the same way the molar mass calculator does it.

Structure

Heavy atoms, hydrogen excluded: 6
Total atoms, hydrogen included: 14
Rings: 0
Aromatic rings: 0
Stereocentres: 0
Formal charge: 0

Functional groups

Alcohol
An –OH group on a saturated carbon.

Matched by structural pattern, not by a measurement.

The molecule in three dimensions

Rotate and inspect the atoms. Loaded only when you ask, so the page stays light.

The drawing above is a diagram of what is bonded to what. A molecule is not flat, and the model here is one low-energy shape generated from the connectivity — useful for seeing which groups can reach each other, and not a measured structure. A real sample is a population of conformations, interconverting.

Reactions it appears in

No documented reaction with a written procedure and a source involves Glycerol yet.

Other names for it

The systematic name on this record is propane-1,2,3-triol.

The sources also call it glycerin, Glycerine, 1,2,3-Propanetriol, Glycyl alcohol, Trihydroxypropane, Glyceritol, Osmoglyn, 1,2,3-trihydroxypropane, Glyrol, Glysanin, Grocolene.

Structurally related

Molecules sharing this formula, or whose fingerprint is at least 40% similar to this one. Similarity is Tanimoto on Morgan fingerprints over this library only — it is a measure of structural overlap, not of how alike they behave.

1,2,5,6-Hexanetetrol

C6H14O4

1,2,4-Butanetriol

C4H10O3

Seen alongside it in reaction records

Molecules that appear in the same recorded reactions as Glycerol. This says nothing about structure: most of them are the bases, solvents, ligands and catalysts the chemistry needed, and they are here because somebody put them in the same flask.

(RS)(RS)-2,3-dihydroxyprop-1-yl 2-(n-decyl)indoline-6-carboxylate

used as a reactant

C₂₂H₃₅NO₄, 377.525 g/mol.

Where these values came from

reference compound database753
compound record
chemistry engine
structure perception

compound record.

What this page does not claim

Identifiers are copied from the source record, measured values are reported as published, and calculated values are marked as calculated. Nothing here is a hazard, purity or handling assessment — how the library is checked.