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Chemistry calculators

The arithmetic that sits between a balanced equation and a flask. Each one works in the page, shows its formula and a worked example, and says where the calculation stops being exact.

Why these and not fifty

A calculator is worth a page when it has one right answer and somebody would otherwise do it on paper. That rules out most of what gets published as a chemistry tool: a page that multiplies two numbers and surrounds them with keywords helps nobody, and a tool that dresses up a guess as a result is worse.

Each of these states its assumptions, because most are exact only inside a range. The Beer–Lambert law is linear in dilute solution and not otherwise; Henderson–Hasselbalch assumes what you mixed is what is at equilibrium; pH + pOH = 14 is true at 25 °C and nowhere else. Those limits are on the pages rather than in a footnote, because that is where somebody reading an answer will be looking.

If you need to know what a reaction gives rather than how much of it, prediction is a different question and lives in the workstation.