Pentanoic Acid

A carboxylic acid, C5H10O2, 102.133 g/mol. Boiling point 186.1 °C, melting point -34 °C, as published.

verified recordOrganic — carboxylic acid9 measured properties

Identifiers

Molecular formula: C₅H₁₀O₂
Molecular weight: 102.133 g/mol
Exact mass: 102.06808 g/mol
IUPAC name: pentanoic acid
SMILES: CCCCC(=O)O
InChI: InChI=1S/C5H10O2/c1-2-3-4-5(6)7/h2-4H2,1H3,(H,6,7)
InChIKey: NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Open in ReactionLens Use in reaction prediction

Measured properties

Published measurements, each with its source. Two readings of one property are both shown, in the units each used.

Boiling Point: 365 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)measured · National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.; 186.1 °Cmeasured · PhysProp; 186-187 °Cmeasured · O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. 13th Edition, Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2001., p. 1764; 186-187 °Cmeasured · reference compound database; 186 °Cmeasured · reference compound database; 186.4 °C @760 [mm Hg]measured · reference compound database
Melting Point: -30.1 °F (NTP, 1992)measured · National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.; -34 °Cmeasured · PhysProp; -34.5 °Cmeasured · O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. 13th Edition, Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2001., p. 1764; -34 °Cmeasured · reference compound database; -34.5 °Cmeasured · reference compound database
Flash Point: 192 °F (NTP, 1992)measured · National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.; 96 °Cmeasured · reference compound database; 205 °F (96 °C) (Open cup)measured · Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 13 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 2002., p. 325-95; 86 °C c.c.measured · reference compound database
Solubility: 10 to 50 mg/mL at 72 °F (NTP, 1992)measured · National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.; 24000 mg/L (at 25 °C)measured · YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992); Freely soluble in alcohol, ethermeasured · O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. 13th Edition, Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2001., p. 1764; Soluble in oxygenated solvents.measured · Ashford, R.D. Ashford's Dictionary of Industrial Chemicals. London, England: Wavelength Publications Ltd., 1994., p. 936; Slightly soluble in carbon tetrachloridemeasured · Lide, D.R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 86TH Edition 2005-2006. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL 2005, p. 3-416; In water, 2.4X10+4 mg/L at 25 °Cmeasured · Yalkowsky, S.H., He, Yan., Handbook of Aqueous Solubility Data: An Extensive Compilation of Aqueous Solubility Data for Organic Compounds Extracted from the AQUASOL dATAbASE. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, FL. 2003.; 24.0 mg/mLmeasured · reference compound database; Solubility in water, g/100ml: 2.4measured · reference compound database; miscible with alcohol, ether, 1 ml in 40 ml watermeasured · reference compound database; (in ethanol)measured · reference compound database
Density: 0.939 (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will floatmeasured · U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.; 0.939 at 20 °C/4 °Cmeasured · O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. 13th Edition, Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2001., p. 1764; Relative density (water = 1): 0.94measured · reference compound database; 0.935-0.940measured · reference compound database; 0.940 @ 20°Cmeasured · reference compound database
Vapor Pressure: 1 mmHg at 108 °F ; 40 mmHg at 226.0 °F; 760 mmHg at 363.9 °F (NTP, 1992)measured · National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.; 0.19 [mmHg]measured · reference compound database; Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 0.02measured · reference compound database; 0.196 [mm Hg] @25 °Cmeasured · reference compound database
LogP: 1.39measured · HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995); log Kow = 1.39measured · Hansch, C., Leo, A., D. Hoekman. Exploring QSAR - Hydrophobic, Electronic, and Steric Constants. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society., 1995., p. 14; 1.39measured · HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995); 1.39measured · reference compound database; 1.39measured · reference compound database
Viscosity: 2.30 cP at 20 °Cmeasured · Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 4th ed. Volumes 1: New York, NY. John Wiley and Sons, 1991-Present., p. V5: 149 (1993)
Refractive Index: Index of refraction: 1.4086 at 20 degC/Dmeasured · O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. 13th Edition, Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2001., p. 1764; 1.405-1.414 (25 °C)measured · reference compound database

Calculated properties

Derived from the structure, not from a sample; kept apart from the measurements above.

Molecular weight: 102.13 g/molcalculated · reference compound database; Average mass of one molecule, from reference compound database.
Exact mass: 102.068079557 Dacalculated · reference compound database; Mass of the most common isotopic form.
XLogP3: 1.4calculated · reference compound database; Estimated oil/water partition, computed by reference compound database.
Polar surface area: 37.3 Å²calculated · reference compound database; Polar surface area as computed by reference compound database.
Complexity: 59calculated · reference compound database; A rough measure of how intricate the structure is.
H-bond donors: 1calculated · reference compound database
H-bond acceptors: 2calculated · reference compound database
logP: 1.2612calculated · chemistry engine; Estimated preference for oil over water. Higher means more oil-like.
Topological polar surface area: 37.3 Å²calculated · chemistry engine; Surface area from polar atoms; relates to how easily a molecule crosses membranes.
H-bond donors: 1calculated · chemistry engine; Atoms that can donate a hydrogen bond.
H-bond acceptors: 1calculated · chemistry engine; Atoms that can accept a hydrogen bond.
Rotatable bonds: 3calculated · chemistry engine; Single bonds the molecule can freely twist around.
Molar refractivity: 27.1608 cm³/molcalculated · chemistry engine; Relates to the molecule's polarisability.
Fraction sp³ carbons: 0.8calculated · chemistry engine; Share of carbon atoms with tetrahedral bonding.
QED drug-likeness: 0.5821calculated · chemistry engine; Quantitative estimate of drug-likeness (0–1).

What it is made of

Elements

C Carbon5 atoms · 58.8% by mass
O Oxygen2 atoms · 31.3% by mass
H Hydrogen10 atoms · 9.9% by mass

Percentages are of the molecular weight above, worked out the same way the molar mass calculator does it.

Structure

Heavy atoms, hydrogen excluded: 7
Total atoms, hydrogen included: 17
Rings: 0
Aromatic rings: 0
Stereocentres: 0
Formal charge: 0

Functional groups

Carboxylic acid
A carbon double-bonded to oxygen and bonded to an –OH group; acidic.

Matched by structural pattern, not by a measurement.

The molecule in three dimensions

Rotate and inspect the atoms. Loaded only when you ask, so the page stays light.

The drawing above is a diagram of what is bonded to what. A molecule is not flat, and the model here is one low-energy shape generated from the connectivity — useful for seeing which groups can reach each other, and not a measured structure. A real sample is a population of conformations, interconverting.

Reactions it appears in

No documented reaction with a written procedure and a source involves Pentanoic Acid yet.

Other names for it

The systematic name on this record is pentanoic acid.

The sources also call it Valeric acid, n-Valeric acid, n-Pentanoic acid, Valerianic acid, 1-Butanecarboxylic acid, Propylacetic acid, Butanecarboxylic acid, Kyselina valerova, n-Pentanoate, Valeric acid, normal, FEMA No. 3101.

Structurally related

Nothing structurally close to Pentanoic Acid has a page here yet.

Where these values came from

reference compound database7991
compound record
chemistry engine
structure perception

compound record.

What this page does not claim

Identifiers are copied from the source record, measured values are reported as published, and calculated values are marked as calculated. Nothing here is a hazard, purity or handling assessment — how the library is checked.