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Phosphorus

P, 30.974 g/mol. Its structure, the values that were measured, the values that were calculated, and where each one came from.

verified recordElement / simple molecule7 measured properties

Drawn from the SMILES. It shows how the atoms are connected — not a photograph of a molecule, and not its shape in space.

Identifiers

Molecular formula
P
Molecular weight
30.974 g/mol
Exact mass
30.973762 g/mol
IUPAC name
phosphane
SMILES
[P]
InChI
InChI=1S/P
InChIKey
OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Both are open without an account.

Measured properties

Values somebody obtained from a sample and published. Where two sources report the same property they are both shown, in the units each used — a disagreement between them is information, and averaging it away would be inventing a number neither one gave.

Boiling Point
536 °F at 760 mmHg ; white-yellow ignites at 86 °F in moist air; red ignites at 500 °F. (EPA, 1998)measured · CAMEO Chemicals
838.9 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)measured · CAMEO Chemicals
Melting Point
111.2 °F white-yellow; 1094 °F violet; 1094 °F red (EPA, 1998)measured · CAMEO Chemicals
44.1 °Cmeasured · Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Density
2.34 red, 2.36 violet; 2.70 black; 1.8 white-yellow (EPA, 1998)measured · CAMEO Chemicals
2.691 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sinkmeasured · CAMEO Chemicals
Solubility
Black: Insoluble in organic solvents; White: Insoluble in water, slightly soluble in benzene, ethanol, and chloroform, soluble in carbon disulfide; Red: Insoluble in water and organic solvents.measured · Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Solubilities in water: one part/300,000 parts water; in abs alc: one g/400 mL; in abs ether: one g/102 mL; in CHCl3: one g/40 mL; in benzene: one g/35 mL; in CS2: one g/0.8 mL. Solubility in oils: onemeasured · Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Vapor Pressure
0.026 mmHg at 68 °F White-yellow (EPA, 1998)measured · CAMEO Chemicals
0.026 mm Hg at 20 °Cmeasured · Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Viscosity
1.69 cP at 50 °C (liquid)measured · Brummer JR et al; Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. (2005). NY, NY: John Wiley & Sons; Phosphorus. Online Posting Date: August 19, 2005.
Refractive Index
White: Index of refraction = 2.144measured · Weast, R.C. (ed.) Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 69th ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc., 1988-1989., p. B-113

Calculated properties

Derived from the structure rather than from a sample. These are reproducible and they are not measurements: a calculated partition coefficient and a measured one can differ by a long way, and where both exist they are listed apart on purpose.

Molecular weight
30.973762 g/molcalculated · reference compound database
Average mass of one molecule, from reference compound database.
Exact mass
30.973761998 Dacalculated · reference compound database
Mass of the most common isotopic form.
Polar surface area
0 Ųcalculated · reference compound database
Polar surface area as computed by reference compound database.
Complexity
0calculated · reference compound database
A rough measure of how intricate the structure is.
H-bond donors
0calculated · reference compound database
H-bond acceptors
0calculated · reference compound database
logP
0.8612calculated · chemistry engine
Estimated preference for oil over water. Higher means more oil-like.
Topological polar surface area
0 Ųcalculated · chemistry engine
Surface area from polar atoms; relates to how easily a molecule crosses membranes.
H-bond donors
0calculated · chemistry engine
Atoms that can donate a hydrogen bond.
H-bond acceptors
0calculated · chemistry engine
Atoms that can accept a hydrogen bond.
Rotatable bonds
0calculated · chemistry engine
Single bonds the molecule can freely twist around.
Molar refractivity
6.92 cm³/molcalculated · chemistry engine
Relates to the molecule's polarisability.
Fraction sp³ carbons
0calculated · chemistry engine
Share of carbon atoms with tetrahedral bonding.
QED drug-likeness
0.3468calculated · chemistry engine
Quantitative estimate of drug-likeness (0–1).

What it is made of

Elements

Percentages are of the molecular weight above, worked out the same way the molar mass calculator does it.

Structure

Heavy atoms, hydrogen excluded
1
Total atoms, hydrogen included
1
Rings
0
Aromatic rings
0
Stereocentres
0
Formal charge
0

The molecule in three dimensions

Rotate and inspect the atoms. Loaded only when you ask, so the page stays light.

The drawing above is a diagram of what is bonded to what. A molecule is not flat, and the model here is one low-energy shape generated from the connectivity — useful for seeing which groups can reach each other, and not a measured structure. A real sample is a population of conformations, interconverting.

Reactions it appears in

No documented reaction with a written procedure and a source involves Phosphorus yet.

Other names for it

The systematic name on this record is phosphane.

The sources also call it Phosphorus 6, Phosphorus 8, Phosphorus 6C, Phosphorus 30, Phosphorus 30C, Phosphorus 30X, Phosphorus 31, Cough Sore Throat, Phosphorus 200C, Phosphorus 200ck, Phosphorous (NOS), Phosphorus 7130.

Structurally related

Nothing structurally close to Phosphorus has a page here yet.

Seen alongside it in reaction records

Molecules that appear in the same recorded reactions as Phosphorus. This says nothing about structure: most of them are the bases, solvents, ligands and catalysts the chemistry needed, and they are here because somebody put them in the same flask.

Where these values came from

compound record.

What this page does not claim

The identifiers are what the source record holds, copied rather than recomputed. Measured values are reported as their source gave them, units and all; calculated values are marked as calculated and are not measurements. Where a field is absent the page says so, because a blank cell reads as a zero and a guessed value reads as a fact.

Nothing here is a hazard assessment, a purity statement or advice about handling a sample. A flash point quoted from a safety database is a number somebody published, not a judgement by us about whether this molecule is safe for what you intend.