Biphenyl
An aromatic hydrocarbon, C12H10, 154.212 g/mol. Boiling point 256.1 °C, melting point 69 °C, as published. Appears in 1,536 documented reactions across 8 classes.
Identifiers
- Molecular formula
- C₁₂H₁₀
- Molecular weight
- 154.212 g/mol
- Exact mass
- 154.07825 g/mol
- IUPAC name
- 1,1'-biphenyl
- c1ccc(-c2ccccc2)cc1
- InChI=1S/C12H10/c1-3-7-11(8-4-1)12-9-5-2-6-10-12/h1-10H
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Measured properties
- Boiling Point
- 489 to 491 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)
- 256.1 °C
- Melting Point
- 156 to 160 °F (NTP, 1992)
- 69 °C
- Density
- 0.992 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float
- 1.041 at 20 °C/4 °C
- Solubility
- Insoluble (NTP, 1992)
- Soluble in ethanol, ethyl ether; very soluble in benzene, carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulfide, and methanol.
- Vapor Pressure
- 0.005 mmHg (NIOSH, 2024)
- 0.00893 [mmHg]
- LogP
- log Kow = 4.01
- 4.01
- Flash Point
- 235 °F (NTP, 1992)
- 235 °F
Calculated properties
- Molecular weight
- 154.21 g/mol
- Exact mass
- 154.078250319 Da
- XLogP3
- 4
- Polar surface area
- 0 Ų
- Complexity
- 100
- H-bond donors
- 0
- H-bond acceptors
- 0
- logP
- 3.3536
- Topological polar surface area
- 0 Ų
- H-bond donors
- 0
- H-bond acceptors
- 0
- Rotatable bonds
- 1
- Molar refractivity
- 51.878 cm³/mol
- Fraction sp³ carbons
- 0
- QED drug-likeness
- 0.5905
What it is made of
Elements
Structure
- Heavy atoms, hydrogen excluded
- 12
- Total atoms, hydrogen included
- 22
- Rings
- 2
- Aromatic rings
- 2
- Stereocentres
- 0
- Formal charge
- 0
Functional groups
Aromatic ring
The molecule in three dimensions
The drawing above is a diagram of what is bonded to what. A molecule is not flat, and the model here is one low-energy shape generated from the connectivity — useful for seeing which groups can reach each other, and not a measured structure. A real sample is a population of conformations, interconverting.
Reactions it appears in
1,536 documented reactions involve Biphenyl, each with a written procedure and a source across 8 classes. A few from each are shown.
Buchwald–Hartwig phosphination
Buchwald–Hartwig phosphination · as a product
A recorded experiment with its conditions, its yield where one was published, and a link to the source.
Buchwald–Hartwig amination
Buchwald–Hartwig amination · as a product
A recorded experiment with its conditions, its yield where one was published, and a link to the source.
Buchwald–Hartwig etherification
Buchwald–Hartwig etherification · as a product
A recorded experiment with its conditions, its yield where one was published, and a link to the source.
Palladium-catalysed enolate arylation
Palladium-catalysed enolate arylation · as a product
A recorded experiment with its conditions, its yield where one was published, and a link to the source.
Buchwald–Hartwig thioetherification
Buchwald–Hartwig thioetherification · as a product
A recorded experiment with its conditions, its yield where one was published, and a link to the source.
Suzuki–Miyaura coupling
Suzuki–Miyaura coupling · as a product
A recorded experiment with its conditions, its yield where one was published, and a link to the source.
Sonogashira coupling
Sonogashira coupling · as a product
A recorded experiment with its conditions, its yield where one was published, and a link to the source.
Mizoroki–Heck reaction
Mizoroki–Heck reaction · as a product
A recorded experiment with its conditions, its yield where one was published, and a link to the source.
Buchwald–Hartwig phosphination
Buchwald–Hartwig phosphination · as a product
A recorded experiment with its conditions, its yield where one was published, and a link to the source.
All 5 buchwald–hartwig phosphination recordsAll 5 buchwald–hartwig amination recordsAll 5 buchwald–hartwig etherification recordsAll 5 palladium-catalysed enolate arylation recordsAll 5 buchwald–hartwig thioetherification recordsAll 5 suzuki–miyaura coupling recordsAll 5 sonogashira coupling recordsAll 5 mizoroki–heck reaction records
Other names for it
The systematic name on this record is 1,1'-biphenyl.
The sources also call it 1,1'-Biphenyl, Phenylbenzene, DIPHENYL, Bibenzene, Lemonene, Xenene, 1,1'-Diphenyl, Phenador-X, Tetrosin LY, Carolid AL, PHPH.
Structurally related
Seen alongside it in reaction records
Molecules that appear in the same recorded reactions as Biphenyl. This says nothing about structure: most of them are the bases, solvents, ligands and catalysts the chemistry needed, and they are here because somebody put them in the same flask.
Where these values came from
chemistry engine
What this page does not claim
Identifiers are copied from the source record, measured values are reported as published, and calculated values are marked as calculated. Nothing here is a hazard, purity or handling assessment — how the library is checked.
Where to next
More molecules under B
The rest of this shelf, a hundred names at a time.
Molar mass calculator
Work with C12H10 in a calculation, with every element's contribution shown.
Molarity calculator
Grams of Biphenyl for a volume and a concentration, or the concentration a mass gives.
Open in ReactionLens
The full record in the workstation: every atom, every bond, and the reactions it appears in.