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Buchwald–Hartwig amination

Recorded reactions filed under this class. The ones that carry a written procedure and an atom map are shown below as worked examples.

Mechanism written

A reaction of this kind

One of the recorded examples, drawn from its own reaction SMILES. Read this record

How it is thought to work

The metal inserts into the aryl-halide bond, the amine takes the halide's place on the metal and loses its proton to the base, and the two groups join as the metal lets go.

That is the pathway taught for the class, not a finding about any record on this page.

Worked examples

A recorded reaction

Procedure (from the source record): (4-fluorophenyl)methanamine (67.3 mg, 0.54 mmol), 4-chloro-N- phenylpyridin-2-amine (100 mg, 0.49 mmol) and sodium 2-methylpropan-2-olate (94 mg, 0.98 mmol) were suspended in DMA (2 mL) and sealed into a microwave tube. Nitrogen was bubbled through the reaction mixture for 5 minutes. (R)-(-)-1-[(S)-2-(DICYCLOHEXYLPHOSPHINO)FERROCENYL]ETHYLDI-T-BUTYLPHOSPHINE (32

Clc1ccnc(Nc2ccccc2)c1.NCc1ccc(F)cc1>CC(C)(C)[O-].[Na+].CC(=O)N(C)C.C1CCCC1.CC(C1CCCC1P(C1CCCCC1)C1CCCCC1)P(C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C.[Fe].CC(=O)O.CC(=O)O.[Pd]>Fc1ccc(CN

A recorded reaction

Procedure (from the source record): These solutions were added to a 384- well source plate (80 µL per well). The Mosquito HTS liquid handling robot was used to dose each of these solutions (200 nL each) into a 1536-well plate.

Cc1ccc(N)cc1.FC(F)(F)c1ccc(Br)cc1>CS(C)=O.CC(C)c1cc(C(C)C)c(-c2ccccc2P(C(C)(C)C)(C(C)(C)C)->[Pd]2(<-Nc3ccccc3-c3ccccc32)OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F)c(C(C)C)c1.CS(C)=O.CS

A recorded reaction

Procedure (from the source record): These solutions were added to a 384- well source plate (80 µL per well). The Mosquito HTS liquid handling robot was used to dose each of these solutions (200 nL each) into a 1536-well plate.

Cc1ccc(N)cc1.FC(F)(F)c1ccc(I)cc1>CS(C)=O.COc1ccc(OC)c(P(C23CC4CC(CC(C4)C2)C3)(C23CC4CC(CC(C4)C2)C3)->[Pd]2(<-Nc3ccccc3-c3ccccc32)OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F)c1-c1c(C(C)C

A recorded reaction

Procedure (from the source record): 2-(2,5-dichloropyridin-4-ylamino)-N-methoxybenzamide (200 mg, 0.64 mmol), 1-isopropyl-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine (178 mg, 1.28 mmol) and cesium carbonate (313 mg, 0.96 mmol) were suspended in 1,4-dioxane (3 mL). Nitrogen was bubbled through mixture for 10 minutes. (9,9-dimethyl-9H-xanthene-4,5-diyl)bis(diphenylphosphine) (27.8 mg, 0.05 mmol) and diacetoxypallad

CONC(=O)c1ccccc1Nc1cc(Cl)ncc1Cl.Cc1cc(N)n(C(C)C)n1>O=C([O-])[O-].[Cs+].[Cs+].C1COCCO1.CC1(C)c2cccc(P(c3ccccc3)c3ccccc3)c2Oc2c(P(c3ccccc3)c3ccccc3)cccc21.CC(=O)O

A recorded reaction

Procedure (from the source record): These solutions were added to a 384- well source plate (80 µL per well). The Mosquito HTS liquid handling robot was used to dose each of these solutions (200 nL each) into a 1536-well plate.

Cc1ccc(N)cc1.CCc1ccc(Cl)cc1>CS(C)=O.COc1ccc(OC)c(P(C(C)(C)C)(C(C)(C)C)->[Pd]2(<-Nc3ccccc3-c3ccccc32)OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F)c1-c1c(C(C)C)cc(C(C)C)cc1C(C)C.CS(C)=O.CS

A recorded reaction

Procedure (from the source record): The Mosquito was used to combine the source plate solutions by multi-aspiration of 250 nL of each of the four reaction components and then to dose the resulting reaction mixture (1 uL) into a 1536-well plate

CC(N)CCc1ccccc1.Brc1cccnc1>COc1ccc(OC)c(P(C2CCCCC2)(C2CCCCC2)->[Pd]2(<-Nc3ccccc3-c3ccccc32)OS(C)(=O)=O)c1-c1c(C(C)C)cc(C(C)C)cc1C(C)C.CS(C)=O.CS(C)=O.CN1CCCN2CC

A recorded reaction

Procedure (from the source record): The Mosquito was used to combine the source plate solutions by multi-aspiration of 250 nL of each of the four reaction components and then to dose the resulting reaction mixture (1 uL) into a 1536-well plate

Nc1ccccc1.Brc1cccnc1>CC(C1=C(P(C2CCCCC2)(C2CCCCC2)->[Pd]2(<-Nc3ccccc3-c3ccccc32)OS(C)(=O)=O)C([Fe]C2C=CC=C2)C=C1)P(C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C.CS(C)=O.CS(C)=O.CN(C)C(=NC(

A recorded reaction

Procedure (from the source record): These solutions were added to a 384- well source plate (80 µL per well). The Mosquito HTS liquid handling robot was used to dose each of these solutions (200 nL each) into a 1536-well plate.

Cc1ccc(N)cc1.CCc1ccc(Br)cc1>CS(C)=O.CC(C)c1cc(C(C)C)c(-c2ccccc2P(C2CCCCC2)(C2CCCCC2)->[Pd]2(<-Nc3ccccc3-c3ccccc32)OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F)c(C(C)C)c1.CS(C)=O.CS(C)=O.

A recorded reaction

Procedure (from the source record): These solutions were added to a 384- well source plate (80 µL per well). The Mosquito HTS liquid handling robot was used to dose each of these solutions (200 nL each) into a 1536-well plate.

Cc1ccc(N)cc1.Brc1cccnc1>CS(C)=O.CC(C)c1cc(C(C)C)c(-c2ccccc2P(C2CCCCC2)(C2CCCCC2)->[Pd]2(<-Nc3ccccc3-c3ccccc32)OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F)c(C(C)C)c1.CS(C)=O.CS(C)=O.CCN=

A recorded reaction

Procedure (from the source record): These solutions were added to a 384- well source plate (80 µL per well). The Mosquito HTS liquid handling robot was used to dose each of these solutions (200 nL each) into a 1536-well plate.

Cc1ccc(N)cc1.Ic1ccccn1>CS(C)=O.COc1ccc(OC)c(P(C(C)(C)C)(C(C)(C)C)->[Pd]2(<-Nc3ccccc3-c3ccccc32)OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F)c1-c1c(C(C)C)cc(C(C)C)cc1C(C)C.CS(C)=O.CS(C)=O

A recorded reaction

Procedure (from the source record): These solutions were added to a 384- well source plate (80 µL per well). The Mosquito HTS liquid handling robot was used to dose each of these solutions (200 nL each) into a 1536-well plate.

Cc1ccc(N)cc1.Brc1ccccn1>CS(C)=O.COc1ccc(OC)c(P(C23CC4CC(CC(C4)C2)C3)(C23CC4CC(CC(C4)C2)C3)->[Pd]2(<-Nc3ccccc3-c3ccccc32)OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F)c1-c1c(C(C)C)cc(C(C)C

A recorded reaction

Procedure (from the source record): These solutions were added to a 384- well source plate (80 µL per well). The Mosquito HTS liquid handling robot was used to dose each of these solutions (200 nL each) into a 1536-well plate.

Cc1ccc(N)cc1.FC(F)(F)c1ccc(Br)cc1>CS(C)=O.CC(C)c1cc(C(C)C)c(-c2ccccc2P(C2CCCCC2)(C2CCCCC2)->[Pd]2(<-Nc3ccccc3-c3ccccc32)OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F)c(C(C)C)c1.CS(C)=O.CS

A recorded reaction

Procedure (from the source record): These solutions were added to a 384- well source plate (80 µL per well). The Mosquito HTS liquid handling robot was used to dose each of these solutions (200 nL each) into a 1536-well plate.

Cc1ccc(N)cc1.Clc1cccnc1>CS(C)=O.COc1ccc(OC)c(P(C(C)(C)C)(C(C)(C)C)->[Pd]2(<-Nc3ccccc3-c3ccccc32)OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F)c1-c1c(C(C)C)cc(C(C)C)cc1C(C)C.CS(C)=O.CS(C)=

A recorded reaction

Procedure (from the source record): _EN06995-11\Reaction_ and many others **_Aim:-_ prepare target for further use.** 1-iodo-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzene (0.215 ml, 1.49 mmol), 5-bromo-4-methoxypyrimidin-2-amine (0.254 g, 1.24 mmol), PALLADIUM(II) ACETATE (0.014 g, 0.06 mmol), rac-2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthalene (0.054 g, 0.09 mmol) and cesium carbonate (0.487 g, 1.49 mmol) were mix

FC(F)(F)c1cccc(I)c1.COc1nc(N)ncc1Br>O=C([O-])[O-].[Cs+].[Cs+].Cc1ccccc1.c1ccc(P(c2ccccc2)c2ccc3ccccc3c2-c2c(P(c3ccccc3)c3ccccc3)ccc3ccccc23)cc1.CC(=O)O.CC(=O)O.

A recorded reaction

Procedure (from the source record): These solutions were added to a 384- well source plate (80 µL per well). The Mosquito HTS liquid handling robot was used to dose each of these solutions (200 nL each) into a 1536-well plate.

Cc1ccc(N)cc1.FC(F)(F)c1ccc(Br)cc1>CS(C)=O.CC(C)c1cc(C(C)C)c(-c2ccccc2P(C(C)(C)C)(C(C)(C)C)->[Pd]2(<-Nc3ccccc3-c3ccccc32)OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F)c(C(C)C)c1.CS(C)=O.CS

A recorded reaction

Procedure (from the source record): These solutions were added to a 384- well source plate (80 µL per well). The Mosquito HTS liquid handling robot was used to dose each of these solutions (200 nL each) into a 1536-well plate.

Cc1ccc(N)cc1.Ic1cccnc1>CS(C)=O.COc1ccc(OC)c(P(C23CC4CC(CC(C4)C2)C3)(C23CC4CC(CC(C4)C2)C3)->[Pd]2(<-Nc3ccccc3-c3ccccc32)OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F)c1-c1c(C(C)C)cc(C(C)C)

A recorded reaction

Procedure (from the source record): These solutions were added to a 384- well source plate (80 µL per well). The Mosquito HTS liquid handling robot was used to dose each of these solutions (200 nL each) into a 1536-well plate.

Cc1ccc(N)cc1.COc1ccc(Cl)cc1>CS(C)=O.CC(C)c1cc(C(C)C)c(-c2ccccc2P(C(C)(C)C)(C(C)(C)C)->[Pd]2(<-Nc3ccccc3-c3ccccc32)OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F)c(C(C)C)c1.CS(C)=O.CS(C)=O.

A recorded reaction

Procedure (from the source record): These solutions were added to a 384- well source plate (80 µL per well). The Mosquito HTS liquid handling robot was used to dose each of these solutions (200 nL each) into a 1536-well plate.

Cc1ccc(N)cc1.Brc1cccnc1>CS(C)=O.COc1ccc(OC)c(P(C23CC4CC(CC(C4)C2)C3)(C23CC4CC(CC(C4)C2)C3)->[Pd]2(<-Nc3ccccc3-c3ccccc32)OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F)c1-c1c(C(C)C)cc(C(C)C

A recorded reaction

Procedure (from the source record): These solutions were added to a 384- well source plate (80 µL per well). The Mosquito HTS liquid handling robot was used to dose each of these solutions (200 nL each) into a 1536-well plate.

Cc1ccc(N)cc1.Clc1ccccn1>CS(C)=O.COc1ccc(OC)c(P(C(C)(C)C)(C(C)(C)C)->[Pd]2(<-Nc3ccccc3-c3ccccc32)OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F)c1-c1c(C(C)C)cc(C(C)C)cc1C(C)C.CS(C)=O.CS(C)=

A recorded reaction

Procedure (from the source record): These solutions were added to a 384- well source plate (80 µL per well). The Mosquito HTS liquid handling robot was used to dose each of these solutions (200 nL each) into a 1536-well plate.

Cc1ccc(N)cc1.FC(F)(F)c1ccc(I)cc1>CS(C)=O.CC(C)c1cc(C(C)C)c(-c2ccccc2P(C2CCCCC2)(C2CCCCC2)->[Pd]2(<-Nc3ccccc3-c3ccccc32)OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F)c(C(C)C)c1.CS(C)=O.CS(

A recorded reaction

Procedure (from the source record): Palladium(II) acetate (6.68 mg, 0.03 mmol), 2-(Dicyclohexylphosphino)biphenyl (10.42 mg, 0.03 mmol) and Cesium carbonate (0.388 g, 1.19 mmol) were put in a 5 mL microwave vial and sealed. The vial was flushed with argon. (R)-2-chloro-6-methyl-8-phenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrimido[5,4-f][1,4]oxazepine (0.082 g, 0.30 mmol) in DME (5 mL) was added to the vial. The re

CN1Cc2cnc(Cl)nc2O[C@H](c2ccccc2)C1.COc1cc(N)ccc1-n1cnc(C)c1>O=C([O-])[O-].[Cs+].[Cs+].COCCOC.c1ccc(-c2ccccc2P(C2CCCCC2)C2CCCCC2)cc1.CC(=O)O.CC(=O)O.[Pd]>COc1cc(

A recorded reaction

Procedure (from the source record): 2,5-dichloro-4-iodopyridine (10.4 g, 37.97 mmol), 2-amino-N-methoxybenzamide (6.63 g, 39.87 mmol), cesium carbonate (14.85 g, 45.57 mmol) and (9,9-dimethyl-9H-xanthene-4,5-diyl)bis(diphenylphosphine) (1.648 g, 2.85 mmol) were suspended in 1,4-dioxane (130 mL). Nitrogen was bubbled through the mixture for 10 minutes then diacetoxypalladium (0.426 g, 1.90 mmol) wa

Clc1cc(I)c(Cl)cn1.CONC(=O)c1ccccc1N>O=C([O-])[O-].[Cs+].[Cs+].C1COCCO1.CC1(C)c2cccc(P(c3ccccc3)c3ccccc3)c2Oc2c(P(c3ccccc3)c3ccccc3)cccc21.CC(=O)O.CC(=O)O.[Pd]>C

A recorded reaction

Procedure (from the source record): These solutions were added to a 384- well source plate (80 µL per well). The Mosquito HTS liquid handling robot was used to dose each of these solutions (200 nL each) into a 1536-well plate.

Cc1ccc(N)cc1.COc1ccc(Cl)cc1>CS(C)=O.COc1ccc(OC)c(P(C23CC4CC(CC(C4)C2)C3)(C23CC4CC(CC(C4)C2)C3)->[Pd]2(<-Nc3ccccc3-c3ccccc32)OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F)c1-c1c(C(C)C)cc(C

A recorded reaction

Procedure (from the source record): These solutions were added to a 384- well source plate (80 µL per well). The Mosquito HTS liquid handling robot was used to dose each of these solutions (200 nL each) into a 1536-well plate.

Cc1ccc(N)cc1.COc1ccc(Br)cc1>CS(C)=O.CC(C)c1cc(C(C)C)c(-c2ccccc2P(C(C)(C)C)(C(C)(C)C)->[Pd]2(<-Nc3ccccc3-c3ccccc32)OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F)c(C(C)C)c1.CS(C)=O.CS(C)=O.

A selection of the distinct transformations in this class. The rest are reachable through the Reaction Lab by searching your own structures.

Reading these records

Everything on a record page came from the source that published it. Conditions the source did not state are shown as not recorded, and no typical value is substituted for them. Yields are whatever was measured by whoever ran the experiment.