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Buchwald–Hartwig amination: 3-Bromo-2-methylpyridine → Tert-butyl 4-(2-methylpyridin-3-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate

83% yield, run at 100 °C, as recorded by experimental reaction archive. The written procedure is below.

verified record, 83% yield recorded, Not balanced as written, From experimental reaction archive

Reagents, catalysts and solvents are in the table below.

The atoms, from reactants to products

CCNCCCCNCCNCOOCCCCCCBr
Reactants · 1/6
breakingformingbond order changesmapped atom that changes

Drawn from the record's atom map: which bonds break and which form between the reactants and products the source listed. It shows a change in connectivity, not a simulated trajectory and not a mechanism.

What was in the flask

RoleSpeciesFormulaYield
Reactant3-Bromo-2-methylpyridineC₆H₆BrN—
Reactanttert-Butyl piperazine-1-carboxylateC₉H₁₈N₂O₂—
Reagentsodium 2-methylpropan-2-olateC₄H₉NaO—
Catalyst2-Dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-diisopropoxybiphenylC₃₀H₄₃O₂P—
CatalystPalladium (II) acetateC₄H₈O₄Pd—
SolventTolueneC₇H₈—
ProductTert-butyl 4-(2-methylpyridin-3-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylateC₁₅H₂₃N₃O₂82.86%

The equation does not balance as written. That is usual for an experimental record: the source listed what it put in and what it measured, not a stoichiometric equation.

Conditions

Temperature
100 °C

Only the dimensions the source stated are listed. Anything absent here was not recorded, and it is not inferred from what the class usually needs.

Yield

  • 83% of Tert-butyl 4-(2-methylpyridin-3-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate.

Procedure

Copied from the source record, unedited

RuPhos (0.543 g, 1.16 mmol) and palladium (II) acetate (0.131 g, 0.58 mmol) were suspended in toluene (15 mL) at ambient temperature. The resulting mixture was degassed and purged several times and warmed to 50°C under nitrogen for 20 mins. In a separate vessel were mixed 3-bromo-2-methylpyridine (2 g, 11.63 mmol), tert-butyl 4-(2-methylpyridin-3-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (2.67 g, 83 %), sodium tertbutoxide (1.676 g, 17.44 mmol) and toluene. The mixture was degassed and purged with nitrogen several times and warmed to 50°C. The catalyst solution was added to the reaction vessel and the resulting mixture degassed and purged wtih nitrogen. The reaction was heated at 100°C overnight. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to ambient temperature and filtered through GF/F paper, washing

The source

This record comes from experimental reaction archive (ord-4147e405915e4ea7b4607546c536b535). Open the source and check it against what is on this page.

  • experimental reaction archive record ord-4147e405915e4ea7b4607546c536b535 from dataset "750 AstraZeneca ELN dataset" (url: https://chemrxiv.org/engage/chemrxiv/article-details/60c9e3f37792a23bfdb2d471). No atom mapping is provided by the source.

    experimental record · quality medium · source

experimental reaction record.

How to read this record

This is one experiment, not a rule. It says that on one occasion these species were combined under these conditions and this came out. It does not say the reaction will give the same result on your substrate, and nothing on the page has been generalised into a claim that it would.

The pathway is a separate question, kept on separate pages. A mechanism here is the canonical arrow pushing for a class, run on real structures and labelled rule-derived. It is not evidence, and this record is not a mechanism.