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Buchwald–Hartwig amination: Benzene, 1-bromo-3-methyl-2-nitro- → 4-(3-Methyl-2-nitrophenyl)-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester

17% yield, run at 80 °C, as recorded by experimental reaction archive. The written procedure is below.

verified record, 17% yield recorded, Not balanced as written, From experimental reaction archive

Reagents, catalysts and solvents are in the table below.

The atoms, from reactants to products

CCCCCCNCCNCOOCCCCCCCNOOBr
Reactants · 1/6
breakingformingbond order changesmapped atom that changes

Drawn from the record's atom map: which bonds break and which form between the reactants and products the source listed. It shows a change in connectivity, not a simulated trajectory and not a mechanism.

What was in the flask

RoleSpeciesFormulaYield
ReactantBenzene, 1-bromo-3-methyl-2-nitro-C₇H₆BrNO₂—
Reactanttert-Butyl piperazine-1-carboxylateC₉H₁₈N₂O₂—
ReagentCesium carbonateCCs₂O₃—
Catalyst1,1'-(9,9-Dimethyl-9H-xanthene-4,5-diyl)bis(1,1-diphenylphosphine)C₃₉H₃₂OP₂—
CatalystPalladium (II) acetateC₄H₈O₄Pd—
Solvent1,4-DioxaneC₄H₈O₂—
Product4-(3-Methyl-2-nitrophenyl)-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl esterC₁₆H₂₃N₃O₄16.81%

The equation does not balance as written. That is usual for an experimental record: the source listed what it put in and what it measured, not a stoichiometric equation.

Conditions

Temperature
80 °C

Only the dimensions the source stated are listed. Anything absent here was not recorded, and it is not inferred from what the class usually needs.

Yield

  • 17% of 4-(3-Methyl-2-nitrophenyl)-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester.

Procedure

Copied from the source record, unedited

tert-butyl piperazine-1-carboxylate (172 mg, 0.93 mmol) and 1-bromo-3-methyl-2-nitrobenzene (0.124 mL, 0.93 mmol), were added to a stirred solution of diacetoxypalladium (20.78 mg, 0.09 mmol), (9,9-dimethyl-9H-xanthene-4,5-diyl)bis(diphenylphosphine) (107 mg, 0.19 mmol) and cesium carbonate (664 mg, 2.04 mmol) dissolved in dioxane (3 mL). The resulting solution was stirred at 80 °C under nitrogen overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered, dried under vaccum. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel eluting with 5 to 15% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether. The solvent was evaporated to dryness to afford tert-butyl 4-(3-methyl-2-nitrophenyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (50.0 mg, 16.81 %) as a orange oil.

The source

This record comes from experimental reaction archive (ord-100bcab4f1bd45d89d76662307487cf4). Open the source and check it against what is on this page.

  • experimental reaction archive record ord-100bcab4f1bd45d89d76662307487cf4 from dataset "750 AstraZeneca ELN dataset" (url: https://chemrxiv.org/engage/chemrxiv/article-details/60c9e3f37792a23bfdb2d471). No atom mapping is provided by the source.

    experimental record · quality medium · source

experimental reaction record.

How to read this record

This is one experiment, not a rule. It says that on one occasion these species were combined under these conditions and this came out. It does not say the reaction will give the same result on your substrate, and nothing on the page has been generalised into a claim that it would.

The pathway is a separate question, kept on separate pages. A mechanism here is the canonical arrow pushing for a class, run on real structures and labelled rule-derived. It is not evidence, and this record is not a mechanism.