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Buchwald–Hartwig amination: 1-Bromo-2-chlorobenzene → 1-(2-Chlorophenyl)piperazine

58% yield, run at 110 °C, as recorded by experimental reaction archive. The written procedure is below.

verified record, 58% yield recorded, Not balanced as written, From experimental reaction archive

Reagents, catalysts and solvents are in the table below.

The atoms, from reactants to products

ClCCCCCCNCCNCCBrHHHHHHHHHH
Reactants · 1/6
breakingformingbond order changesmapped atom that changes

Drawn from the record's atom map: which bonds break and which form between the reactants and products the source listed. It shows a change in connectivity, not a simulated trajectory and not a mechanism.

What was in the flask

RoleSpeciesFormulaYield
Reactant1-Bromo-2-chlorobenzeneC₆H₄BrCl—
ReactantPiperazineC₄H₁₀N₂—
Reagentsodium 2-methylpropan-2-olateC₄H₉NaO—
CatalystBinap, (A+-)-C₄₄H₃₂P₂—
CatalystBis(dibenzylideneacetone)palladiumC₅₁H₄₂O₃Pd₂—
SolventTolueneC₇H₈—
Product1-(2-Chlorophenyl)piperazineC₁₀H₁₃ClN₂58.41%

The equation does not balance as written. That is usual for an experimental record: the source listed what it put in and what it measured, not a stoichiometric equation.

Conditions

Temperature
110 °C

Only the dimensions the source stated are listed. Anything absent here was not recorded, and it is not inferred from what the class usually needs.

Yield

  • 58% of 1-(2-Chlorophenyl)piperazine.

Procedure

Copied from the source record, unedited

To a stirred sol of 1-bromo-2-chlorobenzene (0.606 mL, 5.22 mmol) in toluene (10 mL) was added Pd2(dba)3 (0.239 g, 0.26 mmol), BINAP (0.163 g, 0.26 mmol), sodium tert-butoxide (0.753 g, 7.83 mmol) and piperazine (1.350 g, 15.67 mmol) and the resulting sol was heated at 110 °C for 16 h. Filtered through a celeite pad & crude mixture was purified by column chromatography to afford (DCM:MeOH 90:10) to afford 1-(2-chlorophenyl)piperazine (0.600 g, 58.4 %) as a brown gum.

The source

This record comes from experimental reaction archive (ord-bb7f6619ebed4436b7a7f09c9d4cd82e). Open the source and check it against what is on this page.

  • experimental reaction archive record ord-bb7f6619ebed4436b7a7f09c9d4cd82e from dataset "750 AstraZeneca ELN dataset" (url: https://chemrxiv.org/engage/chemrxiv/article-details/60c9e3f37792a23bfdb2d471). No atom mapping is provided by the source.

    experimental record · quality medium · source

experimental reaction record.

How to read this record

This is one experiment, not a rule. It says that on one occasion these species were combined under these conditions and this came out. It does not say the reaction will give the same result on your substrate, and nothing on the page has been generalised into a claim that it would.

The pathway is a separate question, kept on separate pages. A mechanism here is the canonical arrow pushing for a class, run on real structures and labelled rule-derived. It is not evidence, and this record is not a mechanism.