Buchwald–Hartwig amination: 1-Bromo-4-phenylmethoxybenzene → (R)-4-(4-benzyloxyphenyl)-3-methylpiperazine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
32% yield, run at 75 °C, as recorded by experimental reaction archive. The written procedure is below. One of 3 recorded runs making this product; all of them are compared below.
The atoms, from reactants to products
What was in the flask
| Role | Species | Formula | Yield |
|---|---|---|---|
| Reactant | 1-Bromo-4-phenylmethoxybenzene | C₁₃H₁₁BrO | |
| Reactant | (R)-1-Boc-3-methylpiperazine | C₁₀H₂₀N₂O₂ | |
| Reagent | potassium 2-methylpropan-2-olate | C₄H₉KO | |
| Catalyst | Tris(1,1-dimethylethyl)phosphine | C₁₂H₂₇P | |
| Catalyst | Bis(tri-tert-butylphosphine)palladium(0) | C₂₄H₅₄P₂Pd | |
| Solvent | Tetrahydrofuran | C₄H₈O | |
| Product | (R)-4-(4-benzyloxyphenyl)-3-methylpiperazine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester | C₂₃H₃₀N₂O₃ | 31.55% |
Conditions
- Temperature
- 75 °C
Yield
- 32% of (R)-4-(4-benzyloxyphenyl)-3-methylpiperazine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester.
Every recorded run making this product
3 runs of this class made the same product and differed in what else was in the flask. They are listed from the highest yield down, with this page's run marked.
| Catalyst | Reagents | Solvent | Temp. | Time | Yield |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tris(1,1-dimethylethyl)phosphine; Bis(tri-tert-butylphosphine)palladium(0) | potassium 2-methylpropan-2-olate | Tetrahydrofuran | 75 °C | — | 32% (this run) |
| Binap, (A+-)-; Palladium (II) acetate | sodium 2-methylpropan-2-olate | Toluene | 150 °C | — | 0% |
| 1,1'-(9,9-Dimethyl-9H-xanthene-4,5-diyl)bis(1,1-diphenylphosphine); Bis(dibenzylideneacetone)palladium | sodium 2-methylpropan-2-olate | Toluene | 150 °C | — | 0% |
Procedure
Copied from the source record, unedited
A mixture of 1-(benzyloxy)-4-bromobenzene (789 mg, 3.00 mmol), (R)-tert-butyl 3-methylpiperazine-1-carboxylate (300 mg, 1.5 mmol), bis(tri-t- butylphosphine)palladium(0) (77 mg, 0.15 mmol) and potassium tert-butoxide (185 mg, 1.65 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was flushed with nitrogen and heated to 75 °C overnight. A further 0.1eq of bis(tri-t-butylphosphine)palladium(0) (77 mg, 0.15 mmol) was added and the reaction was heated for a further 2.5 hours. The solvent was evaporated and the residue dissolved in MeOH (10mL) and purified by ion exchange chromatography, using an SCX column. The desired product was eluted from the column using 0.35M NH3/MeOH and purified further by flash silica chromatography, elution gradient 0 to 20% EtOAc in isohexane. Pure fractions were evaporated to dryness to afford
The source
This record comes from experimental reaction archive (ord-53993d3e76914a9480a25e3f9305c2e9). Open the source and check it against what is on this page.
experimental reaction archive record ord-53993d3e76914a9480a25e3f9305c2e9 from dataset "750 AstraZeneca ELN dataset" (url: https://chemrxiv.org/engage/chemrxiv/article-details/60c9e3f37792a23bfdb2d471). No atom mapping is provided by the source.
How to read this record
This is one experiment, not a rule. It says that on one occasion these species were combined under these conditions and this came out. It does not say the reaction will give the same result on your substrate, and nothing on the page has been generalised into a claim that it would.
The pathway is a separate question, kept on separate pages. A mechanism here is the canonical arrow pushing for a class, run on real structures and labelled rule-derived. It is not evidence, and this record is not a mechanism.
Where to next
More Buchwald–Hartwig amination records
Other runs of this class, one page per distinct transformation.
Open in the Reaction Lab
The atom map, the bonds that break and form, and records running the same transformation.
Percent yield calculator
Work out a yield from what you isolated against what the equation allows.
Molecules A–Z
Every named molecule, with its identifiers and sources.