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Buchwald–Hartwig amination: 2-Bromo-6-nitrotoluene → 1-[4-(2-Methyl-3-nitrophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethanone

98% yield, run at 100 °C, as recorded by experimental reaction archive. The written procedure is below.

verified record, 98% yield recorded, Not balanced as written, From experimental reaction archive

Reagents, catalysts and solvents are in the table below.

The atoms, from reactants to products

CCONCCNCCCCCNOOCCCCBr
Reactants · 1/6
breakingformingbond order changesmapped atom that changes

Drawn from the record's atom map: which bonds break and which form between the reactants and products the source listed. It shows a change in connectivity, not a simulated trajectory and not a mechanism.

What was in the flask

RoleSpeciesFormulaYield
Reactant2-Bromo-6-nitrotolueneC₇H₆BrNO₂—
Reactant1-AcetylpiperazineC₆H₁₂N₂O—
ReagentCesium carbonateCCs₂O₃—
Catalyst1,1'-(9,9-Dimethyl-9H-xanthene-4,5-diyl)bis(1,1-diphenylphosphine)C₃₉H₃₂OP₂—
CatalystPalladium (II) acetateC₄H₈O₄Pd—
SolventTolueneC₇H₈—
Product1-[4-(2-Methyl-3-nitrophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethanoneC₁₃H₁₇N₃O₃98.46%

The equation does not balance as written. That is usual for an experimental record: the source listed what it put in and what it measured, not a stoichiometric equation.

Conditions

Temperature
100 °C

Only the dimensions the source stated are listed. Anything absent here was not recorded, and it is not inferred from what the class usually needs.

Yield

  • 98% of 1-[4-(2-Methyl-3-nitrophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethanone.

Other recorded runs with the same starting material

No other run in the library makes this product. These runs of the same class start from one of the same reactants, which is the nearest company this record has.

Procedure

Copied from the source record, unedited

1-bromo-2-methyl-3-nitrobenzene (500 mg, 2.31 mmol), (9,9-dimethyl-9H-xanthene-4,5-diyl)bis(diphenylphosphine) (201 mg, 0.35 mmol) and cesium carbonate (1131 mg, 3.47 mmol) and diacetoxypalladium (52.0 mg, 0.23 mmol) were dissolved in toluene (10 mL) and sealed into a microwave tube degazed and purged with argon. The reaction was heated to 100 °C, over a period of 12 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled down to room temperature, filtered and the residue was evaporated. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel eluting with 0 to 10% methanol in dichloromethane. The solvent was evaporated to dryness to afford 1-(4-(2-methyl-3-nitrophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethanone (600 mg, 98 %) as a solid.

The source

This record comes from experimental reaction archive (ord-57be3c43ca2f40d482cab5a1bd42b5d5). Open the source and check it against what is on this page.

  • experimental reaction archive record ord-57be3c43ca2f40d482cab5a1bd42b5d5 from dataset "750 AstraZeneca ELN dataset" (url: https://chemrxiv.org/engage/chemrxiv/article-details/60c9e3f37792a23bfdb2d471). No atom mapping is provided by the source.

    experimental record · quality medium · source

experimental reaction record.

How to read this record

This is one experiment, not a rule. It says that on one occasion these species were combined under these conditions and this came out. It does not say the reaction will give the same result on your substrate, and nothing on the page has been generalised into a claim that it would.

The pathway is a separate question, kept on separate pages. A mechanism here is the canonical arrow pushing for a class, run on real structures and labelled rule-derived. It is not evidence, and this record is not a mechanism.